Motor and heater control system



May 25, 1954 J. R. GALLAGHER MOTOR AND HEATER CONTROL SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 18, 1952 INVENTOR.

' y 25, 1954 J. R. GALLAGHER 2,679,602

MOTOR AND HEATER CONTROL SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. Xarufqggz wzd m, @401, 6 gm ATTORNEYS. I

Filed Feb. 18, 1952 Patented May 25, 1954 MOTOR AND HEATER CONTROL SYSTEM John Raymond Gallagher, River Forest, Ill., as-

signor to International Register Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application February 18, 1952, Serial No.-2;72,2;18

1 Claim. 1

This invention relates to an electrical circuit arrangement for use in actuating various electrical .mechanisms, more particularly mechanisms of the type employed to control the accelerated defrosting of refrigerators.

According to the present trend, in practically ,all refrigerators for home or limited commercial quired temperature changes in the evaporator plates of the cold producing unit. This requisite temporary idling of the refrigerating mechanism and the energization of an auxiliary heating means usually is effected by a timing motor actuating an electric switch for controlling alternate circuits involving this respective mechanism and means.

The timing motor is made to effect the shifting of the switch periodically within a certain interval of time. However, conditions within the refrigerator with the refrigerating mechanism itself, or within the room where the refrigerator is located determine the need for defrosting. By reason of this fact, the period for effecting a satisfactory periodic defrosting may vary from time to time.

Obviously, the construction of the time motor has to be such as to restore the normal functioning oi the refrigerating mechanism after a fixed period of time. Often, this period of time might be too long and over-extend the defrosting period, with a consequent possibility of overheating the interior of the refrigerator and a resulting deterioration of food. Accordingly, it became necessary to supplement the time motor with means, controlled by the temperature condition of the evaporator plates, to restore the normal operation of the refrigerating mechanism-and idle an auxiliary heating meansindependently of the time motor. This usually is eiiected by a switch-restoration means activated bya thermostat, as influenced by the tempera- .ture conditions of or caused by the evaporator plates. A number of problems have been encountered in providing this supplemental switchrestoration means. One of these problems has been the humming of the switch-shifting electromagnet when connected in series with the defrost heater and, thermal control.

- .flhe main objectsof this invention, therefore, are.to-provide anirnproved circuit arrangement ,2 for use in effecting the opposite shifting of the switch by electrically-activated mechanical means; toprovide an improved circuit arrangement of this kind permitting the opposite shifting of the switch to be effected by a time-operated means and by a thermally-controlled electromagnetic means respectively; and to provide an improved circuit arrangement of this kind which is particularly adapted for use with refrigerator units for periodically cutting off the normally-operating refrigerating mechanism and temporarily cutting in the defrost-accelerating means, and permitting the refunctioning of the refrigerating mechanism to be dependent on temperature conditions within the refrigerator.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one form or adaptation of a time-motor and electromagnet switch-operating mechanism for use in a circuit arrangement embodying this invention;

Fig. 2 is a diagram of a circuit arrangement embodying this invention and employing one type of thermostat for controlling the electromagnet of the switch-operating mechanism shown in Fig. 1, the circuit-controlling switch being shown in its defrost position;

Fig. 3 is a similar diagrammatic view employing another type of thermostat for controlling the electromagnet of the switch-operating mechanism such as shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a plan view (with a housing in crosssection) of another form of time-motor and electromagnet switch-operating mechanism for use in a circuit arrangement embodying this invention, the circuit-controlling switch being shown in its defrost position;

Fig. 5 is afragmentary view, showing these switch parts and the operating mechanism oppositely positioned from that shown in Fig. 4, i. e. in refrigerating position;

Fig. 6 is a diagram of a circuit arrangement embodying this invention and employing one type of thermostat for controlling the electromagnet of the switch-operating mechanism shown in Fig. 4, the circuit-controlling switch being shown in its defrost position; and

Fig. 7 is a similar diagrammatic view employing another typeof thermostat switch for controlling the electromagnet of a switch-operating mechanism such as shown in Fig. 4.

The distinctive concept of this invention involves a. circuit arrangement having several branches, in oneof which is arranged an electromagnet controlled by a thermostat for effecting one movement of. a switch arm which controls the operative condition of the other branches. The arrangement is especially adapted for use with a refrigerator defrosting control wherein a spring-tensioned, overcenter switch arm, shifted in one direction by a time-controlled means, is restored to its pre-shifted position by a momentary energization of the electromagnet through the closing of the circuit by the thermostat.

A circuit arrangement embodying this concept comprises the three circuits A, B, and C connected in parallel by leads l and l l to a source of electrical energy (not shown) and employing a dual-motor-operated switch mechanism l2 and a thermostat l3 for controlling the alternate operation of a refrigerating mechanism l4 and a defrost accelerating means [6 included respectively in the circuits A and B.

Two adaptations of switch mechanism l2, very suitable for use in a circuit arrangement embodying this invention, are being shown, each comprising a switch arm 91 oppositely shifted by a rocker l8 connected thereto by an overcenter snap spring it which is selectively or oppositely controlled by a continuously operating timing motor 29 and an intermittently energized electromagnet or solenoid motor 2! or 2! A. These two switch adaptations are also illustrated and described in the copending applica-- tion of William P. Gallagher, Anthony D. Stolle and Paul G. Bielik, Serial No. 222,238, filed April 21, 1951. Acccordingly, only a general descrip tion of each will be made herein, since this invention relates to a circuit arrangement wherewith such switches may be employed.

The switch arm i! is preferably a piece of spring material anchored to a terminal post 22, so that the spring flexes at the hinge point 23 as the free end moves between the contacts 24 and 26 on the terminal posts 21 and 28. The terminal posts 22, 2'. and 28 are suitably secured to an insulating plate 29 and so disposed as to align the plane of the switch arm H, at its anchorage to the terminal 22, with the axis of a mounting post 3i] for the rocker 18. The rocker I8v is a block of insulating material swingably mounted on the post 30.

The overcenter spring I9 is substantially U- shaped and is hingedly secured to the adjacent ends of the switch arm I! and the rocker 18 in a well-known manner. When that end of the spring I9 which is connected to the rocker I8, moves over the center line L (see Fig, 4:) in one direction the opposite end of the spring l9 connected to the switch arm ll snaps over the line L in the opposite direction. Thus, a quick make and break is effected with the contacts 24 and 2B.

The motor is a conventional synchronous motor whose internal gearing is arranged to cause the gearing 32 to drive a shaft 33 at the required speed, as has been clearly set forth in the afore-mentioned copending applications. (A motor 28 is not shown in Fig. 4 but it will be understood that one is secured to the under side of the mounting 38 to drive the pinion 39.)

In the Fig. l adaptation the rocker i8 is normally urged by a spring 3| to shift the switch arm IT to close circuit A to the refrigerating mechanism It, as will be set forth more fully presently. The shaft 33 mounts a delayed-action cam means 34, of a construction set forth in the aforesaid application Serial No. 222,238, for actuating the rocker H3 in one direction against the action of the spring 3!. An offset projection on the cam 34 periodically contacts a pin 31 on the rocker l8 and elevates it so as to reverse the position of the switch arm H. The rocker i3 is held in its camshifted position by the engagement of a shoulder 48 on a lever M with the pin 3'5. The lever Al is hinged at 42 and biased by a spring 43 to position the shoulder in the path of the rocker pin 37.

The electromagnet or solenoid type of control motor indicated at 2i, has the coil M of this motor connected in the circuit C. The end of the lever 4i carries an armature element 45 which is adapted to be attracted magnetically toward the core of the electromagnet so that when the coil 44 is energized the armature 46 attracts the lever 4-! against the action of the spring 43 and releases the rocker i8, as more fully set forth in copending application Serial No. 222,238.

In the adaptation shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the rocker ll? is retained by the overcenter spring if] in the opposite positions to which it is shifted by the timing motor (not shown, as explained above) and the solenoid 24A. The shaft 33 :iounts a delayed-action cam means 34, of a construction set forth in the aforesaid application Ser. No. 222,238, for actuating the rocker iii in opposite directions against the overcenter snap spring 19. It, therefore, is necessary for the cam means 34 to act on a pair of pins 31' and 3? carried by the rocker I8, whereby the rocker is oppositely actuated by the cam projection 36. The engagement of the pin 37 by the cam projection 35 results in a shifting of the rocker it to reverse the switch arm ll so as to open the circuit A to the refrigerating mechanism it and close the circuit E to the defrost accelerating heater It. The pin 37' serves a dual purpose. In the first place it limits the throw of the rocker it by the action of the cam projection at on the pin 31'. In the second place it insures a subsequent reverse shifting of the rocker it by the cam projection 36 in the event a reverse shifting of the rocker I8 has not been efiected by the solenoid motor 2IA. Thus, if after a shift of the rocker it to open the circuit A and close the circuit B there should be a failure of the solenoid motor 2 IA, there will be a mechanical restoration of the switch mechanism E2 to insure the normal functioning of the refrigerating mechanism M. The circumferential spacing of the projections 3'! and 31", of course, will have to be correlated with the speed of rotation of the cam 34' as determined by its time motor gearing arrangement.

In this solenoid adaptation the armature 46' is movable relative to the solenoid winding 44' and is connected at its other end directly to the rocker l8 by a slot and pin arrangement 41. This slot and pin allows for a bit of free movement to permit a shifting of the rocker If! by the cam 3 when the armature 48' is in its gravity-dependent position during the deenergization of the coil 44'.

All of the above described parts of the switch mechanism 52 and the operating motors 28 and 2| or ElA, of either adaptation, are compactly enclosed in a suitable housing 58, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6 and diagrammatically indicated by dotted lines in Figs. 2, 3, 6 and '7.

The thermostat l3, typically shown as being of the bimetallic type, may be either a conventional single-pole double-throw switch, as shown in Figs. 2 and 6, or a single-pole single-throw switch as shown in Figs. 3 and '7. In either case the thermostat "I 3 is arranged to :controlcircuit C'to' the solenoid motor' 2| or 21A and is so placed in the refrigerator as tobeinfluenced "by theoverali:temperatureconditions created by the cold producing thermal unit forming a part of the refrigerati'ng mechanism M and as effected by heat-creating thermal .unit it, as presently will be=explained These twotypes of thermostats .13, used in. a circuit constructed in accordance with this invention, have their'respec- ,ti-ve advantages. The single-pole double-throw .itype, :as-shown in Figs. Zand 6, opens the ioncuit B to the heater is independently of the functioning of the electromagnet 2| or ZlA. Thus, if this electromagnet became inoperative the heater [6 would be cut out notwithstanding. The single-pole single-throw type of thermostat l3, as shown in Figs. 3 and 7, has the advantage of economy in manufacture.

The conventional refrigerating mechanism l4, includes the cold producing or thermal unit in the form of the usual evaporator plates (not shown), the Cold Control 48 responsive thereto, and the compressor motor 49, the latter being connected in the circuit A.

The heater H3 is a conventional resistance coil connected in the circuit B and positioned in the refrigerator juxtaposed to the evaporator plates so as to rather quickly increase the temperature conditions" when the coil It is cut in and the refrigerating mechanism I4 out out by the shift of the switch arm l'lto effect the desired defrosting of the refrigerator. A suitably-constructed fuse 5|, for positioning in the refrigerator to be influenced by temperatures 7 created by the heater 16, also is included in the circuit B so that should the motors 28 and/or 2| or 2lA fail for some reason, following a circuit A to the refrigerating mechanism l4, thus causing the normal functioning of the refrigerator. In the adaptation shown in Fig. 1 the switch arm I? is held in this normal position by the biasing spring 3! acting on the rocker Hi. In the adaptation shown in Fig. 4 the switch arm I! is held in the normal position by the overcenter snap spring is. Periodically the motor 20 moves the cam means 34 or 34' to actuate the rocker l8 and reverse the switch arm l'l, thereby opening the circuit A so as to shut off the refrigerating mechanism l4 and close the circuit B so as to cut in the defrost-accelerating heater Hi.

The thermostat I3 is so constructed and disposed with respect to. the evaporator plates of the thermal unit that if the refrigerating mech anism is operating, the thermostat normally holds open the circuit 0'. As soon as the stopping of the refrigerating mechanism l4 and the energization of the heater It has created a higher-than-normal minimum temperature condition within the evaporator platesor within the refrigeratorthe thermostat I3 is shifted to close the circuit C. This results in an energization of the coil 44 (or 44') of the solenoid motor 'Zl (or 2IA) with a consequent actuation of the lit 6 armaturelo'or 46' and a restoration of the switch arm "'I lto' its normal position, opening the circuit B; and closing the circuit A to the refrigcrating mechanism Hl-so that it resumes i-ts normal operation. Inthe switch-mechanism adaptation shownin -Fig. 1, the energization oftheelectromagnet coil 44 retracts the lever ll "so as todisengage the shoulder to from the rocker pin 31- and permit the spring 3! to depress the rocker 18'. In the switch-mechanism adaptationishown in Figs. 4 and 5 the energization of the solenoid coil 44 causes the resulting movement of the armature 46 to actuate the rocker I8 so as to reverse the shift of the switch arm I! against the overcenter snap spring l9. In either case the switch mechanism [2, being restored to its normal functioning position, remains so until the next engagement of the cam projection 36 or 35' with the rocker pin 31 or 31 as caused by the functioning of the timing motor 20. A special feature of this circuit arrangement provides for the momentary functioning of the electromagnet by reason of the fact that the circuit to the electromagnet is cut out by the shifting of the switch mechanism It as effected by the electromagnet. That is to say, when the electromagnet is operated to shift the defrosting control switch back to its original position, the electromagnet instantly breaks its own circuit at switch contact 24. Thus, there is no long interval of energization of the electromagnet, with attendant objectionable hum.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood that such are merely exemplary and that numerous modifications and rearrangements may be made therein without departing from the essence of the invention.

I claim:

In apparatus of the class described wherein an electric motor and an electric heater are adapted to be energized alternately from an alternating current supply source in a predetermined control cycle, the combination therewith a pivoted rocker, a movable switch blade, an overcenter snap spring connecting said rocker to said switch blade for moving the latter from a first position in engagement with a first contact which is adapted to energize the circuit to said electric motor, into a second position in engagement with a second contact which is adapted to energize a circuit to said heating element, first and second angularly spaced pins on said rocker, a continuously rotating time driven wheel having a cam surface thereon adapted to contact the first of said pins for tilting the rocker in one direction and thereby snapping said switch blade from said first position to said second position, said cam surface thereafter contacting the second of said pins a predetermined time interval later for tilting said rocker in the other direction and thereby snapping said switch blade back to said first position, a solenoid comprising a winding and a core responsive thereto, said core being operatively con nected with said rocker and adapted upon energization of said winding to actuate said rocker in the direction for snapping said switch blade from said second position back to said first position, a thermostatic switch responsive to temperatures created by said electric heater and adapted to interrupt the operation of the heater if a predetermined temperature is attained before said cam surface engages the second of said pins, and circuit connections between said heater,

said switch blade and contacts, said solenoid winding and said thermostatic switch arranged whereby when said switch blade is actuated into its second position said heater is energized through a circuit separate from the Winding of said solenoid so as to avoid alternating current hum in the solenoid winding during the interval that said heater isenergized, and whereby when said thermostatic switch responds to said predetermined temperature said solenoid winding is rendered effective momentarily to actuate said switch blade from said second position back 8 into said first position, in which first position said switch blade interrupts the current supply to said solenoid.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,913,433 Doble June 13, 1933 2,114,766 Heitman Apr. 19, 1938 2,313,390 Newton Mar. 9, 1943 2,551,163 Rickert May 1, 1951 2,601,466 Thomas June 24, 1952 

